Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I spray Milestone/Forefront in the winter when no plants are present and get season-long TSA control?
A: No. Our data shows that spraying Milestone/Forefront when no plants are present will effectively control all TSA that germinates from seed, but will not control perennial plants that sprout off existing rootstock.

Q. What rate of Milestone should I use?
A. Several experiments have shown that application rates between 5 and 7 fl oz/A are all highly effective. The 5 fl oz rate, at approximately $13/A, provides excellent TSA control at a great price. However, the 5 fl oz rate will not control germinating seedlings as long as the 7 fl oz rate. Therefore, in areas where a heavy TSA seed crop is expected, the 7 fl oz rate will be required to give extended levels of control. In areas that are less dense with seeds, the 5 fl oz rate should be sufficient.

Q: What rate of Forefront should I use?
A: The rate recommendation for Forefront is 2 to 2.6 pt/A. Both rates are effective on TSA, but if maximum soil residual control is required the 2.6 pt rate should be used. We do not recommend using under 2 pt/A.

Q: Does TSA need to be mowed prior to Milestone/Forefront application?
A: With Remedy, it was important to mow plants 1 to 3 times prior to application to ensure that all plants were the same age and size at time of application. However, this is not as important with Milestone/Forefront. Milestone/Forefront is extremely effective on TSA of all ages and sizes. Therefore, mowing prior to application is not necessary.

Q: How long do I need to wait after spraying Milestone/Forefront before I can plant the treated area in vegetables?
A: Milestone/Forefront is labeled on "CRP acres, rangeland, and permanent grass pastures" only. These herbicides can persist in the soil and injure certain crops for many years after the application, but exact rotation restrictions are not known. Therefore, Milestone/Forefront should not be applied to any area that is intended for uses other than rangeland or permanent grass pasture.

Q: What are the grazing and haying restrictions for Milestone and Forefront?
A: Milestone: 0 days for grazing and haying for all animals and types of livestock (lactating dairy animals included).
Forefront: 0 days for grazing for all animals and types of livestock (lactating dairy animals included). Haying, or any other type of forage harvesting, must be delayed for 7 days.

Q: I want to spot spray TSA with Milestone. How much Milestone should I add to 1 gallon of water?
A: Add 1 teaspoon (5 cc/5 ml) of Milestone to one gallon of water. Also add 2 teaspoons (10 cc/10 ml) of a high quality non-ionic surfactant. Spray the entire plant with herbicide solution.

Q: How many seeds can one TSA plant produce?
A: Plants from seed can produce approximately 60,000 seeds, while perennial plants (those growing from root-stocks) can produce >70,000 seeds per plant.

Q: How many seeds can be found in one TSA fruit?
A: The number of seeds in a single fruit can vary depending on environmental conditions. On average, approximately 400 seeds are produced in each fruit.

Q: How many days before TSA flowers and fruit development occurs?
A: Plants begin flowering after approximately 60 days of growth, with fruit development occurring approximately 80 days.

Q: I have heard that burying TSA seeds will prevent them from coming up in the future.
A: TSA does not emerge from the soil when buried deeper than 4 inches. However, tillage can bring the buried seeds to the soil surface where germination is possible. If you are to bury the seeds, bury them deep (more than 2 feet) in an area where no tillage operations will occur.

Q: Can cattle transfer TSA seed?
A: Yes, cattle and all manner of wildlife do transport TSA seed. Viable seed have been recovered in cattle feces 6 days after ingestion. Although seed may remain in the digestive tract for longer periods of time, little or no germination can be expected past 6 days. Therefore, cattle should be held in a TSA-free pasture for at least 6 days before transporting cattle.